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What Space Travel Does to the Body
Andy Thomas had just landed on Earth after 20 weeks in space. He unfastened his restraints, got to his feet and felt a staggering weight in his legs. It was 1998 and Thomas, one of only two Australians who have travelled in space, had just hours earlier been aboard Russia’s Mir Space Station, floating about with other international crew members. After touchdown at NASA’s Kennedy Space Centre at Cape Canaveral, he was whisked into crew rooms and given anti-nausea tablets as he waited out the worst of his body’s reaction to entering back into Earth’s gravity. Since the early days of the space race, back in the 1950s and ’60s, astronauts have undergone all sorts of regimens to prepare for the adverse effects of space travel and have been scrutinised for years after their return. The first moments in space are the most impactful for human systems, says Emmanuel Urquieta, vice chair of aerospace medicine at the University of Central Florida. Up to 85 per cent of astronauts experience motion sickness immediately. This includes nausea, headaches and cold sweating and can be similar to vertigo, although there is nothing physically wrong with the inner ear. Instead, astronauts feel sick because of a change in the inputs that tell the brain which way is up or down: what the eyes are seeing does not match up with the input that the inner ear sends to the brain. Similarly, the muscles in an astronaut’s back aren’t tensing the way they should if they were in an upright position on Earth.
Sydney Morning Herald